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Race Financial Institutions, Credit Discrimination And African American Homeownership In Philadelphia, 1880-1960

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Author	Nier, III Charles, Lewis
Title	Race Financial Institutions, Credit Discrimination And African American Homeownership In Philadelphia, 1880-1960
Year Degree Awarded	2011
Department	History
Degree	Ph.D.
Abstract	In the wake of Emancipation, African Americans viewed land and home ownership as an essential element of their "citizenship rights." However, efforts to achieve such ownership in the postbellum era were often stymied by credit discrimination as many blacks were ensnared in a system of debt peonage. Despite such obstacles, African Americans achieved land ownership in surprising numbers in rural and urban areas in the South. At the beginning of the twentieth century, millions of African Americans began leaving the South for the North with continued aspirations of homeownership. As blacks sought to fulfill the American Dream, many financial institutions refused to provide loans to them or provided loans with onerous terms and conditions. In response, a small group of African American leaders, working in conjunction with a number of the major black churches in Philadelphia, built the largest network of race financial institutions in the United States to provide credit to black home buyers. The leaders recognized economic development through homeownership as an integral piece of the larger civil rights movement dedicated to challenging white supremacy. The race financial institutions successfully provided hundreds of mortgage loans to African Americans and were a key reason for the tripling of the black homeownership rate in Philadelphia from 1910 to 1930. During the Great Depression, the federal government revolutionized home financing with a series of programs that greatly expanded homeownership. However, the programs, such as those of the Federal Housing Administration, resulted in blacks being subjected to redlining and denied access to credit. In response, blacks were often forced to turn to alternative sources of high cost credit to finance the purchase of homes. Nevertheless, as a new wave of African American migrants arrived to Philadelphia during post-World War II era, blacks fought to purchase homes and two major race financial institutions continued to provide mortgage loans to African Americans in Philadelphia. The resolve of blacks to overcome credit discrimination to purchase homes through the creation of race financial institutions was a key part of the broader struggle for civil rights in the United States.
Advisor	Jenkins, Wilbert L.
Committee Members	Kusmer, Kenneth L. Collier-Thomas, Bettye Goldstein, Ira
Degree Granting Institution	Temple University
Subject	American History Black History Banking
Keywords	black civil rights discrimination homeownership mortgage loans redlining
Publisher	Temple University Libraries
Type	Dissertation
Format	Application/PDF
Number of Pages	335
Rights	The author has granted Temple University a limited, non-exclusive, royalty-free license to reproduce his or her dissertation, in whole or in part, in electronic or paper form and to make it available to the general public at no charge. This permission is granted in addition to rights granted to ProQuest. The author retains all other rights.
Description	Temple University--Theses
Digital Collection	Temple University Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Contact	etd-library@listserv.temple.edu
File Size	1,039 KB

Title	Page 1
Contact	etd-library@listserv.temple.edu

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Race Financial Institutions, Credit Discrimination And African American Homeownership In Philadelphia, 1880-1960

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